PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

a, Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{30}{98}=\dfrac{15}{49}\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{\dfrac{15}{49}}{3}\) , ta được H₂SO₄ dư.

b, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

c, Sau phản ứng, trong cốc có H₂SO₄ dư và Al₂(SO₄)₃.

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{15}{49}-0,3\approx0,006\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,006.98=0,588\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

2Al+3H₂SO₄->Al₂(SO₄)₃+3H₂

0,2-----0,3-------0,1------------0,3

n _Al=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2 mol

n _H2SO4= \(\dfrac{30}{98}\)=0,306 mol

=>H2SO4 còn dư

=>V_H2=0,3.22,4=6,72l

=>m _Al2(SO4)3=0,1.342=34,2g

=>m _{H2SO4 dư}=0,006.98=0,588g

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{M_{Al}}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{30}{98}=\dfrac{15}{49}mol\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

 2            3                  1                 3      ( mol )

0,2      15/49          ( mol )

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{15}{49}:3\)

=> Chất còn dư là \(H_2SO_4\)

\(V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=\left(\dfrac{0,2.3}{2}\right).22,4=6,72l\)

\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}.M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\left(\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}\right).342=34,2g\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(du\right)}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(du\right)}.M_{H_2SO_4}=\left(\dfrac{15}{49}-\dfrac{0,2.3}{2}\right).98=0,6g\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,5}{27}=\dfrac{25}{270}=\dfrac{5}{54}\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ b,Vì:\dfrac{\dfrac{5}{54}}{2}< \dfrac{0,5}{4}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ b,n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,5-\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{5}{54}=\dfrac{13}{36}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{13}{36}.98=\dfrac{637}{18}\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{5}{54}=\dfrac{5}{36}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=\dfrac{5}{36}.22,4=\dfrac{28}{9}\left(l\right)\)

Tóm tắt:

m_Al= 2,5(g)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

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a) PTHH?

b) Chất dư? m?

c) Thể tích khí sau phản ứng?

Anh ít tóm tắt lắm nên không biết tóm tắt như ri ổn không, vì em cần nên anh tóm tắt ra thử

a: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

b: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2.5}{27}< \dfrac{1}{4}\)

=>H₂SO₄ dư, Al đủ

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0.25\cdot98=24.5\left(g\right)\)

c: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{2.5}{54}=\dfrac{5}{108}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5}{36}\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=\dfrac{5}{36}\cdot22.4=\dfrac{28}{9}\left(lít\right)\)

Mình thấy bạn Thịnh tính lượng dư sai

Đây là bài mình từng làm, bạn tham khảo nhé!

 PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

Làm gộp các phần còn lại

Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1mol\\n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot342=34,2\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

a.b.\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{98}=0,4mol\)

      \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

Xét: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}\) < \(\dfrac{0,4}{3}\)                                    ( mol )

        0,2       0,3                  0,1               0,3         ( mol )

\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,4-0,3\right).98=9,8g\)

\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2g\)

c.\(2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\)   

   0,3     0,15                        ( mol )

\(V_{kk}=V_{O_2}.5=\left(0,15.22,4\right).5=16,8l\)

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(0.2........0.3.................................0.3\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.5-0.3\right)\cdot98=19.6\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)